Function Manipulators in C++ are used to manipulate/modifies the input and output stream without changing the value of that variable i.e. the value that is stored in that variable will not be changed, it is just modified/formatted on the time of execution to perform the given operations like 'printing' or 'storing that modified data', etc. Function Manipulators only modifies the I/O stream using insertion(<<) and extraction(>>) operators.
There are a few Function Manipulators that are used generally:-
There are a few Function Manipulators that are used generally:-
- ends
It is used to insert the NULL character(\0). It is defined in the ostream Header-file. It has no arguments.
#include<iostream> int main( ) { std::cout<<"Hello"<<"World!"; //O\P-1 std::cout<<"Hello"<<std::ends<<"World!"; //O\P-2 //either use "using namespace std" or std:: }
O/P-1-> HelloWorld! O/P-2-> Hello World!
- endl
It is used to skip a line or break a line, it works similar to '\n'. It is defined in the ostream Header-file. It has no arguments.
#include<iostream> int main( ) { std::cout<<"Hello"<<"World!"; //O\P-1 std::cout<<"Hello"<<std::endl<<"World!"; //O\P-2 //either use "using namespace std" or std:: }
O/P-1-> HelloWorld! O/P-2-> Hello World!
- skipws
It is used to skip the "white spaces" in "istringstream". It is defined in the istream Header-file. It also has no arguments.#include<iostream> #include<sstream> int main( ) {std::istringstream s(" 7 92 3456"); char a,b,c,d,e,f,g; s>>std::skipws>>a>>b>>c>>d>>e>>f>>g; //O\P-1 std::cout<<a<<b<<c<<d<<e<<f<<g; //either use "using namespace std" or std:: }
O/P-1-> 7923456
- setw(value)
It is used to set the width between the input/output. It has an argument which defines that how much width will be provided between two consecutive outputs. It is defined in the iomanip Header-file.
#include<iostream> #include<iomanip> int main( ) { std::cout<<"Hello"<<"World"; //O\P-1 std::cout<<"Hello"<<std::setw(10)<<"World!"; //O\P-2 //either use "using namespace std" or std:: }
O/P-1-> HelloWorld! O/P-2-> Hello World!
- setfill(value)
It is used to to fill a desired 'character' in the input/output stream. It only fills "spaces" which was created by "setw( )". It has an argument in which we can set the desired character that we want to fill-up. Its is defined in the istream Header-file.#include<iostream> #include<iomanip> int main( ) { std::cout<<"Hello"<<"World"; //O\P-1 std::cout<<"Hello"<<std::setw(10)<<std::setfill('#')<<"World"; //O\P-2 //either use "using namespace std" or std:: }
O/P-1-> HelloWorld! O/P-2-> Hello#####World!
- setprecision(value)
It is used restricts the number of digits of floating value. It has an arguments from which we can decided the restricted value. It is defined in the iomanip Header-file.#include<iostream> #include<iomanip> int main( ) { float a=18.23895; std::cout<<a; //O\P-1 std::cout<<std::setprecision(3)<<a; //O\P-2 //either use "using namespace std" or std:: }
O/P-1-> 18.23895 O/P-2-> 18.2
- boolalpha
It is used to set the boolean value '0' & '1' to "false" & "true" respectively. It has no argument and it is defined in the iostream Header-file.#include<iostream> int main( ) { bool str1=0; bool str2=1; std::cout<<str1<<str2; //O\P-1 std::cout<<std::boolalpha<<str1<<std::boolalpha<<str2; //O\P-2 //either use "using namespace std" or std:: }
O/P-1-> 01 O/P-2-> flasetrue
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Introduction to C++.
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